And is the latter necessarily related to the former? Do you think one has to "speak in tongues" as proof of receiving the Holy Spirit?
YES it is the only Bible evidence. God gives one sign and one sign only to avoid confusion by followers as to whether or not they have received the Holy Spirit or not.
Jesus himself said that believers would - that's good enough for me.
And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and
preach the gospel to every creature [all creation].
He that
believeth and is baptized [of water and the Holy Spirit]
shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned.
And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall they cast out devils;
they shall speak with new tongues;
They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover.
And they were
all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to
speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
But this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel;
And it shall come to pass in the last days, saith God,
I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh: and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams:
And on my servants and on my handmaidens
I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy:
Now when the apostles which were at Jerusalem heard that Samaria
had received the word of God, they sent unto them Peter and John:
Who, when they were come down, prayed for them, that they might receive the Holy Ghost:
(For as yet he was fallen upon none of them: only they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.)
Then laid they their hands on them,
and they received the Holy Ghost.
So the question here is how - by what sign lacking - did Peter and John know with certainty that although the Samaritans were baptised in water that they had NOT received the Holy Spirit as yet?
And again by what sign later did they know with certainty that the Samaritans had received the Holy Ghost?
While Peter yet spake these words,
the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.
And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter,
because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost.
For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then answered Peter,
Can any man forbid water,
that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?
And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days.
And it came to pass, that, while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul having passed through the upper coasts came to Ephesus: and finding certain disciples,
He said unto them,
Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed? And they said unto him, We have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost.
And he said unto them, Unto what then were ye baptized? And they said, Unto John's baptism.
Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus.
When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.
And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them; and they spake with tongues, and prophesied.
And all the men were about twelve.
Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought: but the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us
with groanings which cannot be uttered. KJV
And in the same way the Spirit is a help to our feeble hearts: for we are not able to make prayer to God in the right way;
but the Spirit puts our desires into words which are not in our power to say; BBE 1965
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For he that speaketh in an unknown tongue speaketh not unto men, but unto God: for no man understandeth him; howbeit in
the spirit he speaketh mysteries.
nbsp; For if I pray in an
unknown tongue,
my spirit prayeth, but my understanding is unfruitful.
nbsp; What is it then?
I will pray with the spirit, and I will pray with the understanding also: I will sing with the spirit, and I will sing with the understanding also.
Put on the
whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil...
Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints;
These be they who separate themselves, sensual,
having not the Spirit.
But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost,
Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life.
For with
stammering lips and
another tongue will he speak to this people.