Speaking on Peter as the first pope, Matthew 16:18 is where this is instituted. When Christ called him 'Petros,' this word literally means "rock." The argument against this is that Christ followed it with "and on this PETRA, I will build my Church..." so people consider the word "Petros" as meaning pebble, but this isn't true. Aramaic was a gendered language, and 'Petra' is a feminine word. So when Christ called him "Petros," it was the same word, but in masculine form as Peter was, well, a man, not a woman.
here .. for you ..
no .. when I said "from Hebrew or Aramaic" I meant spoken it that not written it that .. sorry for the lack of clarification ..
I believe all 4 Gospels were penned in Greek originally .. nonetheless, we can discuss that later .. but Jesus didn't speak in Greek, so what is written, is not exactly what was said .. I share my work with you, and all ..
note: my translation of "stones" above, should be rock also, but a lesser rock (which Greek has no equivalent) .. so stone is an acceptable translation, but not accurate translation ..
HEBREW ..
Exd 17:6 - rock - tsuwr (a rock)
Num 20:8 - rock - cela` (rocks that hide)
Job 8:17 - rock - gal
Jer 4:29 - rock - Keph (a rock fortress)
Job 8:17 - stone - 'eben (a stone)
1Ki 5:17 - stone - gaziyth (hewn stone)
Isa 28:16 - corner - pinnah (usage include corner stone)
Hebrew keph
Aramaic Ceph
Hebrew Kepha
Aramaic Cephas
Hebrew Kepha
noun with pronominal suffixes, which then stand in a genitive relation.
fem. a, et and it.
note: adding of the "a" as a suffix (fem) would denote less formative then Keph without the "a" (male)
Keph H3710
Outline of Biblical Usage
rock, hollow of a rock
=========
GREEK ..
Mat 7:24 - rock - petra (a rock)
Mar 15:46 - stone - lithos (a stone)
Jhn 2:6 - stone - lithinos (hewn stone)
Luk 20:17 - corner - gōnia (usage include corner stone)
petra
petros
"os" added as a suffix to a noun to form an adjective meaning "with something". kar (arm) karos (something with an arm)
"a" added as a suffix to a noun to form an adjective meaning "without something". kar (arm) kara (something without an arm)
thus when Jesus called/likened Simon Peter to a petros, it would be akin to the Hebrew keph or Aramaic Ceph (meanig the stronghold of rock) .. and when Jesus called/likened the other Apostles to a petra, it would be akin to the Hebrew Kepha or Aramaic Cephas (less formative thus fem genative)