I think only one job I ever did that actually gave me accomodation, and that was when I worked on organic farms. They didn't pay you, but you had free food and board.
If you work on a movie set, they do provide trailers and maybe hotels if you are on location. And if you own your own business, eg a bed and breakfast - your home IS your business. I once worked at a vet and the vet lived on the premises at the back of the clinic. The house was large enough.
I suppose if you worked at a boarding school or a university, you would also have accomodation, and I know that nurses used to have hostels at the hospital. There are always beds at hospital of course!
Those in the armed forces also have army barracks. But everyone else, you are on your own. My brother, who is a surgeon, has to find his own rental accomodation if he's working at a hospital outside of his home town. They don't provide doctors with any.
And no, librarians do not live in the library, despite what some of my children think. They see the cushions and throws on the sofa and think I sleep there...